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I'm a PhD student researching the role of the archaeological dead in contemporary British society. Think of this as a scrapbook of all the interesting links, snippets of information and random bits and bobs I come across pertaining to death, dying and the dead. Enjoy?!

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China imprisons four men for ‘ghost marriage’ corpse bride trafficking
Yanchuan court jails men for digging up and selling bodies in afterlife custom of matching dead women to deceased bachelors
Photograph: @mr.jerry/Getty Images/Flickr RF
A county court in central China has sentenced four men to prison for digging up and selling corpses on the black market to enable “ghost marriages”, a millennia-old custom of burying deceased bachelors alongside newly deceased wives so that they will not grow lonely in the afterlife.
On Saturday, the Xi’an Evening News reported that the Yanchuan county court in Yan’an City, Shanxi province, sentenced each of the men to more than two years in prison for stealing 10 female corpses, cleaning them up and counterfeiting their medical records to boost their prices, and selling them on the black market for a total of £25,000.
Ritual ghost marriages, which may date back to the 17th century BC, are increasingly rare in contemporary China – Mao Zedong tried to eliminate them when he assumed power in 1949 – but they are still practised in rural parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Guangdong provinces. Families often employ a matchmaker to help find a suitable spouse for their deceased loved ones.
The four men, with surnames Pang, Bai, He and Zhang, exhumed the corpses in the winter of 2011 from a smattering of arid, coal-rich counties in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.
The state-run Global Times newspaper reported in 2011 that an influx of coal money to parts of northern Shaanxi province bolstered the area’s underground corpse trade, with a newly wealthy but superstitious demographic suddenly being able to afford high prices for desirable postmortem mates. Some are known to purchase their corpse brides straight from hospitals, where they cut deals with grieving families.
This is not the first time that ghost marriage intermediaries have fallen on the wrong side of the law. One woman died over the lunar new year in February 2012 and was sold by her family to the family of a recently deceased young man for about £3,700; soon afterwards, police caught a graverobber selling her twice-exhumed body to another family for slightly less.
In 2009, a grieving father in Xianyang City, also in Shaanxi province, paid a team of graverobbers £2,700 to find a suitable bride for his son, who had died in a car crash. They were arrested for exhuming the remains of a teenage girl who had killed herself not long after failing her college entrance exams.
According to the Global Times, less affluent families who desire ghost marriages may use a non-human proxy for the corpse bride, such as a silver statuette or a doughy human-shaped biscuit with black beans for eyes. Some may buy an old, rotten corpse at a discounted price, dress it in clothing and reinforce its skeleton with steel wire.
The tradition has its own set of customs and rituals, including postmortem marriages with sumptuous feasts and dowries, according to the report.

    China imprisons four men for ‘ghost marriage’ corpse bride trafficking

    Yanchuan court jails men for digging up and selling bodies in afterlife custom of matching dead women to deceased bachelors

    Photograph: @mr.jerry/Getty Images/Flickr RF

    A county court in central China has sentenced four men to prison for digging up and selling corpses on the black market to enable “ghost marriages”, a millennia-old custom of burying deceased bachelors alongside newly deceased wives so that they will not grow lonely in the afterlife.

    On Saturday, the Xi’an Evening News reported that the Yanchuan county court in Yan’an City, Shanxi province, sentenced each of the men to more than two years in prison for stealing 10 female corpses, cleaning them up and counterfeiting their medical records to boost their prices, and selling them on the black market for a total of £25,000.

    Ritual ghost marriages, which may date back to the 17th century BC, are increasingly rare in contemporary China – Mao Zedong tried to eliminate them when he assumed power in 1949 – but they are still practised in rural parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Guangdong provinces. Families often employ a matchmaker to help find a suitable spouse for their deceased loved ones.

    The four men, with surnames Pang, Bai, He and Zhang, exhumed the corpses in the winter of 2011 from a smattering of arid, coal-rich counties in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.

    The state-run Global Times newspaper reported in 2011 that an influx of coal money to parts of northern Shaanxi province bolstered the area’s underground corpse trade, with a newly wealthy but superstitious demographic suddenly being able to afford high prices for desirable postmortem mates. Some are known to purchase their corpse brides straight from hospitals, where they cut deals with grieving families.

    This is not the first time that ghost marriage intermediaries have fallen on the wrong side of the law. One woman died over the lunar new year in February 2012 and was sold by her family to the family of a recently deceased young man for about £3,700; soon afterwards, police caught a graverobber selling her twice-exhumed body to another family for slightly less.

    In 2009, a grieving father in Xianyang City, also in Shaanxi province, paid a team of graverobbers £2,700 to find a suitable bride for his son, who had died in a car crash. They were arrested for exhuming the remains of a teenage girl who had killed herself not long after failing her college entrance exams.

    According to the Global Times, less affluent families who desire ghost marriages may use a non-human proxy for the corpse bride, such as a silver statuette or a doughy human-shaped biscuit with black beans for eyes. Some may buy an old, rotten corpse at a discounted price, dress it in clothing and reinforce its skeleton with steel wire.

    The tradition has its own set of customs and rituals, including postmortem marriages with sumptuous feasts and dowries, according to the report.

    “Gangnam Style” Used To Protest Widespread Grave Desecration In China

    In China’s central Henan province, the Communist party has been digging up millions of graves to turn the graveyards into farmland. So far two million graves have been destroyed in the city of Zhoukou alone.

    There has been mass protest, in both traditional and non-traditional venues: Thousands, for example, have signed an online petition written by a group of concerned scholars. Over the past month, locals have restored about one million graves in response.

    One group, however, protested in a surprising way: with a zombie themedGangnam Style video.

    The original Gangnam Style video is exceedingly goofy. The subject matter here is anything but. Here’s how the lyrics translate:

    For thousands of year, we have visited our ancestors’ graves. This is our tradition.

    You wipe your ass, dig up our ancestors’ graves, and they are homeless.

    They are moved to the public cemetery. 
    Then you cover the land with cement and take away the land forever.

    Dig up the graves for agriculture, not a soul will believe this.
    
Fu Xi [the creator of humankind in Chinese legend] is stunned.

    You use shovels to dig, move in the bulldozers, Fu Xi is stunned.

    Dig up your own grave with 100 yuan reward, or else others will dig it up for you.
    Fu Xi is stunned.

    Talk about the future and science, act like a tyrant.
    Fu Xi is stunned.

    Fu Xi is stunned.

    I am not Laozi. I am not Nuwa. I don’t have palace, I have country.

    Too far from equality, happiness is fake. 
    Destroying the graves is destroying our hearts.

    Who would dig up a grave for greed?
    
I am scared of dig-grave style.
    
op-op-op-op dig-grave style.
op-op-op-op dig-grave style.
    
Live in snail house when we are alive. 
    I am scared of dig-grave style.
    
Homeless when we die. 
    I am scared of dig-grave style.

    Their graves are even bigger than Fu Xi’s tomb and Ming Dynasty tombs. 
    Their ancestors and our ancestors were the same kind.
When they are alive, we can’t give them a good life. 
    When they die, we can’t pay our piety. We can’t face our parents.
    
My heart is broken and tears keep falling down.
    
Fu Xi is stunned.

    I am official, I don’t have green card, I have no rights, I have a country.

    So many souls in the public graveyard, so little space. Lost our land forever. 
    Who became the fool?

    Creating trouble out of nothing, that’s the way to survive.
    
I am scared of dig-grave style.

    op-op-op-op dig-grave style.
op-op-op-op dig-grave style.

    Live in snail house when we are alive. 
    I am scared of dig-grave style.

    Homeless when we die. I am scared of dig-grave style.

    
‘Bodies Revealed’ revealed
Blockbuster exhibit sets attendance records for Da Vinci while raising ethical questions about origins of humans on display.
Cheryl Stevenson leaned in close, eyes straining to get a better look at the preserved human cadaver before her. The man’s skin had been peeled off, exposing his underlying muscles, tendons and bones, and his body was posed in a sprinter’s crouch, testes dangling below his hips.
“Oh my goodness,” the Nanticoke resident said, reacting to the Bodies Revealed exhibit that has shattered admissions records at the Da Vinci Science Center in Allentown. “For people to donate their bodies,” she continued. “I just can’t think of the words.”
Donated — that’s what the Da Vinci center maintains and the exhibit vendor assures, producing affidavits as evidence.
“Our suppliers have confirmed to us that all of the bodies and organ specimens … came from individuals who chose to donate their bodies to medical science for the purpose of study and education,” Da Vinci states on its website.
And yet, whether the Chinese men whose bodies are on display at Da Vinci ever imagined, let alone authorized such a spectacle is unclear. Neither Da Vinci nor the exhibit vendor, Atlanta-basedPremier Exhibitions Inc., was able to provide The Morning Call with conclusive documentation of consent. The company’s medical expert and lawyer said they have never seen a consent form and have relied on the word of Chinese and Taiwanese partners who are but middlemen in a global body supply chain.
The words “donate,” “donated” or “donation” do not appear in the annual report of Premier, a public company whose shares trade on the NASDAQ stock exchange. Rather, the report – referring to Premier’s multiple Bodies exhibits worldwide and not specifically to the one at the Da Vinci center – says, “Most of the bodies were unclaimed at death, and were ultimately delivered to medical schools for education and research.”
Premier’s critics include medical professionals and experts onChina who cite the country’s notorious human rights record. Their questions have trailed the Bodies exhibits for a decade:
Why are most of the bodies of Chinese men? Were these people Chinese prisoners? Were they executed?

Read more here…

    ‘Bodies Revealed’ revealed

    Blockbuster exhibit sets attendance records for Da Vinci while raising ethical questions about origins of humans on display.

    Cheryl Stevenson leaned in close, eyes straining to get a better look at the preserved human cadaver before her. The man’s skin had been peeled off, exposing his underlying muscles, tendons and bones, and his body was posed in a sprinter’s crouch, testes dangling below his hips.

    “Oh my goodness,” the Nanticoke resident said, reacting to the Bodies Revealed exhibit that has shattered admissions records at the Da Vinci Science Center in Allentown. “For people to donate their bodies,” she continued. “I just can’t think of the words.”

    Donated — that’s what the Da Vinci center maintains and the exhibit vendor assures, producing affidavits as evidence.

    “Our suppliers have confirmed to us that all of the bodies and organ specimens … came from individuals who chose to donate their bodies to medical science for the purpose of study and education,” Da Vinci states on its website.

    And yet, whether the Chinese men whose bodies are on display at Da Vinci ever imagined, let alone authorized such a spectacle is unclear. Neither Da Vinci nor the exhibit vendor, Atlanta-basedPremier Exhibitions Inc., was able to provide The Morning Call with conclusive documentation of consent. The company’s medical expert and lawyer said they have never seen a consent form and have relied on the word of Chinese and Taiwanese partners who are but middlemen in a global body supply chain.

    The words “donate,” “donated” or “donation” do not appear in the annual report of Premier, a public company whose shares trade on the NASDAQ stock exchange. Rather, the report – referring to Premier’s multiple Bodies exhibits worldwide and not specifically to the one at the Da Vinci center – says, “Most of the bodies were unclaimed at death, and were ultimately delivered to medical schools for education and research.”

    Premier’s critics include medical professionals and experts onChina who cite the country’s notorious human rights record. Their questions have trailed the Bodies exhibits for a decade:

    Why are most of the bodies of Chinese men? Were these people Chinese prisoners? Were they executed?

    Read more here

    NATIVE AMERICAN CONNECTION TO 40,000 YEAR OLD HUMAN IN NORTHWEST CHINA

    Detailed examination of samples of ancient DNA has revealed the genetic makeup of humans living circa 40,000 years ago in an area near what is now Beijing in China.

    An international team of researchers including Svante Pääbo and Qiaomei Fu of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, have sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial DNA extracted from the leg of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave near Beijing.

    Analyses of DNA recovered from the leg bones showed that the Tianyuan human shared a common origin with present-day Asians and Native Americans. In addition, the researchers found the proportion of Neanderthal and Denisovan-DNA in this early modern human is no higher than in current populations living in this region today.

    Humans who looked broadly like present-day people started to appear in the fossil record of Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 years ago, however many questions remain about the relationship between these early modern humans and present-day Homo sapiens populations.

    Read more here!

    myeulogy:

Children sit in front of a tombstone waiting for their relatives at a public cemetery during the Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, in Jinjiang, Fujian province, April 4, 2012. The festival marks a day for the Chinese to remember and honor one’s ancestors. Chinese experts have called for legislative efforts to standardize funeral services, in an attempt to regulate the country’s unscrupulous funeral service providers who siphon huge profits from the relatives of the dead. (China Daily/Reuters)/2012 Year in Pictures: Part I

    myeulogy:

    Children sit in front of a tombstone waiting for their relatives at a public cemetery during the Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, in Jinjiang, Fujian province, April 4, 2012. The festival marks a day for the Chinese to remember and honor one’s ancestors. Chinese experts have called for legislative efforts to standardize funeral services, in an attempt to regulate the country’s unscrupulous funeral service providers who siphon huge profits from the relatives of the dead. (China Daily/Reuters)/2012 Year in Pictures: Part I

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    (Source: personnageslook)

    • Posted 4 months ago
    • December 29th, 2012

    4 Likes & Reblogs

    

Grave interruption: Building around a tomb in China
Developers bought a cemetery and paid villagers to relocate the remains of their loved ones. All except one. The grave has not been moved as the family is waiting for an auspicious date to do so and a reason from the developer for choosing this site, according to the owner of the tomb. The developers are now offering to pay nearly $160,000 to have it moved. The building is scheduled to be completed by April 2013, but for now, construction continues around the gravesite. Last week a home in Zhejiang province, that had been sitting in the middle of a newly built highway as the owners held out for more money, was finally demolished.


I love this picture. Click through for more!

    Grave interruption: Building around a tomb in China

    Developers bought a cemetery and paid villagers to relocate the remains of their loved ones. All except one. The grave has not been moved as the family is waiting for an auspicious date to do so and a reason from the developer for choosing this site, according to the owner of the tomb. The developers are now offering to pay nearly $160,000 to have it moved. The building is scheduled to be completed by April 2013, but for now, construction continues around the gravesite. Last week a home in Zhejiang province, that had been sitting in the middle of a newly built highway as the owners held out for more money, was finally demolished.

    I love this picture. Click through for more!

    peashooter85:

Ancient Chinese Jade Burial Suit,
In ancient China it was believed that jade could preserve a body after death.  Many wealthy families and nobles had such suits made.  Beautiful and complex, the suit consisted of hundreds or thousands of small jade pieces sewn together with silk fabrics and silk thread.  Those of especially high class Chinese, such as nobles, emperors, and royal family members, had their suits made of the finest silks, highest quality jade, and sewn together with gold or silver threads.  It would often take skilled craftsmen 2-3 years to produce one suit.  Jade burial suits were especially popular during the Han Dynasty (206 BC- 220AD).

    peashooter85:

    Ancient Chinese Jade Burial Suit,

    In ancient China it was believed that jade could preserve a body after death.  Many wealthy families and nobles had such suits made.  Beautiful and complex, the suit consisted of hundreds or thousands of small jade pieces sewn together with silk fabrics and silk thread.  Those of especially high class Chinese, such as nobles, emperors, and royal family members, had their suits made of the finest silks, highest quality jade, and sewn together with gold or silver threads.  It would often take skilled craftsmen 2-3 years to produce one suit.  Jade burial suits were especially popular during the Han Dynasty (206 BC- 220AD).

    (via ladykrampus)

    Three Kingdoms' Tomb Holding Warrior Discovered

    archaeologicalnews:

    About 1,800 years ago, at a time when China was breaking apart into three warring kingdoms, a warrior was laid to rest.

    Buried in a tomb with domed roofs, along with his wife, he was about 45 years old when he died. Their skeletal remains were found inside two wooden coffins that had rotted…

    Dead Bachelors in Remote China Still Find Wives

    theossuary:

    2006 article from the New York Times. Fascinating.

    To ensure a son’s contentment in the afterlife, some grieving parents will search for a dead woman to be his bride and, once a corpse is obtained, bury the pair together as a married couple. […]

    Villagers and Mr. Yang, the funeral director, said a family searching for a female corpse typically must pay more than 10,000 yuan, or about $1,200, almost four years of income for an average farmer. Families of the bride regard the money as the dowry they would have received had death not intervened.

    Like many good things, via Order of the Good Death.

    halfcentonline:

mohandasgandhi:

androphilia:

‘Mass suicide’ protest at Apple manufacturer Foxconn factory | Telegraph
Around 150 Chinese workers at Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics manufacturer, threatened to commit suicide by leaping from their factory roof in protest at their working conditions.
By Malcolm Moore, in Shanghai
January 11, 2012
The workers were eventually coaxed down after two days on top of their    three-floor plant in Wuhan by Foxconn managers and local Chinese Communist party officials.
Foxconn, which manufactures gadgets for the likes of Apple, Sony, Nintendo and    HP, among many others, has had a grim history of suicides at its factories.    A suicide cluster in 2010 saw 18 workers throw themselves from the tops of    the company’s buildings, with 14 deaths.
In the aftermath of the suicides, Foxconn installed safety nets in some of its    factories and hired counsellors to help its workers.
The latest protest began on January 2 after managers decided to move around    600 workers to a new production line, making computer cases for Acer, a    Taiwanese computer company.
“We were put to work without any training, and paid piecemeal,” said    one of the protesting workers, who asked not to be named. “The assembly    line ran very fast and after just one morning we all had blisters and the    skin on our hand was black. The factory was also really choked with dust and    no one could bear it,” he said.
Several reports from inside Foxconn factories have suggested that while the    company is more advanced than many of its competitors, it is run in a “military”    fashion that many workers cannot cope with. At Foxconn’s flagship plant in    Longhua, five per cent of its workers, or 24,000 people, quit every month.
“Because we could not cope, we went on strike,” said the worker. “It    was not about the money but because we felt we had no options. At first, the    managers said anyone who wanted to quit could have one month’s pay as    compensation, but then they withdrew that offer. So we went to the roof and    threatened a mass suicide”.
The worker said that Foxconn initially refused to negotiate, but that the    workers were treated reasonably by the local police and fire service.
A spokesman for Foxconn confirmed the protest, and said that the incident was “successfully    and peacefully resolved after discussions between the workers, local Foxconn    officials and representatives from the local government”.
He added that 45 Foxconn employees had chosen to resign and the remainder had    returned to work. “The welfare of our employees is our top priority and    we are committed to ensuring that all employees are treated fairly,” he    said.
© Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2012
[Photo © Club.china.com]

Foxconn manufactures parts for more than just Apple.

    halfcentonline:

    mohandasgandhi:

    androphilia:

    ‘Mass suicide’ protest at Apple manufacturer Foxconn factory | Telegraph

    Around 150 Chinese workers at Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics manufacturer, threatened to commit suicide by leaping from their factory roof in protest at their working conditions.

    By Malcolm Moore, in Shanghai

    January 11, 2012

    The workers were eventually coaxed down after two days on top of their three-floor plant in Wuhan by Foxconn managers and local Chinese Communist party officials.

    Foxconn, which manufactures gadgets for the likes of Apple, Sony, Nintendo and HP, among many others, has had a grim history of suicides at its factories. A suicide cluster in 2010 saw 18 workers throw themselves from the tops of the company’s buildings, with 14 deaths.

    In the aftermath of the suicides, Foxconn installed safety nets in some of its factories and hired counsellors to help its workers.

    The latest protest began on January 2 after managers decided to move around 600 workers to a new production line, making computer cases for Acer, a Taiwanese computer company.

    “We were put to work without any training, and paid piecemeal,” said one of the protesting workers, who asked not to be named. “The assembly line ran very fast and after just one morning we all had blisters and the skin on our hand was black. The factory was also really choked with dust and no one could bear it,” he said.

    Several reports from inside Foxconn factories have suggested that while the company is more advanced than many of its competitors, it is run in a “military” fashion that many workers cannot cope with. At Foxconn’s flagship plant in Longhua, five per cent of its workers, or 24,000 people, quit every month.

    “Because we could not cope, we went on strike,” said the worker. “It was not about the money but because we felt we had no options. At first, the managers said anyone who wanted to quit could have one month’s pay as compensation, but then they withdrew that offer. So we went to the roof and threatened a mass suicide”.

    The worker said that Foxconn initially refused to negotiate, but that the workers were treated reasonably by the local police and fire service.

    A spokesman for Foxconn confirmed the protest, and said that the incident was “successfully and peacefully resolved after discussions between the workers, local Foxconn officials and representatives from the local government”.

    He added that 45 Foxconn employees had chosen to resign and the remainder had returned to work. “The welfare of our employees is our top priority and we are committed to ensuring that all employees are treated fairly,” he said.

    © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2012

    [Photo © Club.china.com]

    Foxconn manufactures parts for more than just Apple.

    (via discoverynews)

    China's tomb raiders laying waste to thousands of years of history

    Bulldozers and dynamite used to strip priceless artefacts from remote sites, with booty sold on to wealthy collectors

    China’s extraordinary historical treasures are under threat from increasingly aggressive and sophisticated tomb raiders, who destroy precious archaeological evidence as they swipe irreplaceable relics.

    The thieves use dynamite and even bulldozers to break into the deepest chambers – and night vision goggles and oxygen canisters to search them. The artefacts they take are often sold on within days to international dealers.

    Police have already stepped up their campaign against the criminals and the government is devoting extra resources to protecting sites and tracing offenders. This year it set up a national information centre to tackle such crimes.

    Tomb theft is a global problem that has gone on for centuries. But the sheer scope of China’s heritage – with thousands of sites, many of them in remote locations – poses a particular challenge.

    Click through to read more…

    
Oldest documented evidence of violence between humans
A healed fracture discovered on an  ancient skull from China may be the oldest documented evidence of violence  between humans, a study has shown.
The individual, who lived 150,000-200,000 years ago, suffered blunt force  trauma to the right temple - possibly from being hit with a projectile.
But the ancient hunter-gatherer - whose sex is unclear - survived to tell the  tale: the injury was completely healed by the time of the person’s death.

Click the photo to access the rest of the article.

    Oldest documented evidence of violence between humans

    A healed fracture discovered on an ancient skull from China may be the oldest documented evidence of violence between humans, a study has shown.

    The individual, who lived 150,000-200,000 years ago, suffered blunt force trauma to the right temple - possibly from being hit with a projectile.

    But the ancient hunter-gatherer - whose sex is unclear - survived to tell the tale: the injury was completely healed by the time of the person’s death.

    Click the photo to access the rest of the article.