About Me

I'm a PhD student researching the role of the archaeological dead in contemporary British society. Think of this as a scrapbook of all the interesting links, snippets of information and random bits and bobs I come across pertaining to death, dying and the dead. Enjoy?!

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DEATH AND DIET: PERU’S SACRIFICIAL VICTIMS
Human sacrifices are the most infamous feature of ancient South American societies, but little was actually known about the victims? New research published in The American Journal of Physical Anthropology explores archaeological evidence from Peru, dating to the Late Horizon era between 1450 and 1532 A.D.,  to tell us more about the individuals who met their fate.
Examining the final years
Evidence from bone collagen to hair keratin was used to examine where the sacrificial victims lived in the decade prior to their death, as well as their diets in the months leading up to the fatal ritual.
This study investigated two key variables—residential and subsistence—among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450–1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru.
The studied individuals date to the period of Inca imperial rule over the Lambayeque Valley Complex which included a radical social change to the culture and the installation of direct Inca political presence in some areas of the valley.
The investigators decided to test a hypothesis that the sacrificial victims were brought from outside the locality and would have eaten a diet that corresponded to their status as sacrificial offerings in the final months of life.
To do this, they used 33 sets of human remains from Huaca de los Sacrificios, where rib samples could be collected from 32 individuals. The central aim of the study was to examine only the last decade of the individuals life through to the final months. Given this, and the fact that obtaining samples for dentine collagen isotopic analysis is particularly intrusive, the team opted not to include teeth in this study and took all samples from ribs.

Read more here.

    DEATH AND DIET: PERU’S SACRIFICIAL VICTIMS

    Human sacrifices are the most infamous feature of ancient South American societies, but little was actually known about the victims? New research published in The American Journal of Physical Anthropology explores archaeological evidence from Peru, dating to the Late Horizon era between 1450 and 1532 A.D.,  to tell us more about the individuals who met their fate.

    Examining the final years

    Evidence from bone collagen to hair keratin was used to examine where the sacrificial victims lived in the decade prior to their death, as well as their diets in the months leading up to the fatal ritual.

    This study investigated two key variables—residential and subsistence—among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450–1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru.

    The studied individuals date to the period of Inca imperial rule over the Lambayeque Valley Complex which included a radical social change to the culture and the installation of direct Inca political presence in some areas of the valley.

    The investigators decided to test a hypothesis that the sacrificial victims were brought from outside the locality and would have eaten a diet that corresponded to their status as sacrificial offerings in the final months of life.

    To do this, they used 33 sets of human remains from Huaca de los Sacrificios, where rib samples could be collected from 32 individuals. The central aim of the study was to examine only the last decade of the individuals life through to the final months. Given this, and the fact that obtaining samples for dentine collagen isotopic analysis is particularly intrusive, the team opted not to include teeth in this study and took all samples from ribs.

    Read more here.

    
AZTEC SACRIFICES AT TENOCHTITLÁN
Offerings in the ancient Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlán (now in modern Mexico City) have been linked to the cycle of the agricultural seasons and involved human sacrifice to Quilaztli Cihuacóatl, one of the  Aztec goddesses of earth and fertility.
Ritual deposits
Two 500 year old ritual depositions were located at the corner of the platform north of Templo Mayor and consisted of various artefacts, including human skulls and polychrome pots and were the subject of a presentation in Mexico City this month.
According to the archaeologist Diego Jimenez Badilla, a researcher at the National Institute of Anthropology and History(INAH), these offerings “were part of a ritual in which Tenochca returns fertility to the land, in exchange for these offerings at each harvest. Such offerings were made  to the land via the earth and fertility goddess. “
The practice was discussed by the specialist at a recent conference in honour of the thirty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of the disc monolith on the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui, now in the Museo del Templo Mayor (MTM ).
Both offerings (No. 22 and No.58) were discovered in 1979 and 1980, on a floor level corresponding to the construction of Templo Mayor between 1469-1481 CE and in interpreting these elements together, he commented that “nothing is arranged in an offering by chance, everything has a reason.”

Read more here! 

    AZTEC SACRIFICES AT TENOCHTITLÁN

    Offerings in the ancient Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlán (now in modern Mexico City) have been linked to the cycle of the agricultural seasons and involved human sacrifice to Quilaztli Cihuacóatl, one of the  Aztec goddesses of earth and fertility.

    Ritual deposits

    Two 500 year old ritual depositions were located at the corner of the platform north of Templo Mayor and consisted of various artefacts, including human skulls and polychrome pots and were the subject of a presentation in Mexico City this month.

    According to the archaeologist Diego Jimenez Badilla, a researcher at the National Institute of Anthropology and History(INAH), these offerings “were part of a ritual in which Tenochca returns fertility to the land, in exchange for these offerings at each harvest. Such offerings were made  to the land via the earth and fertility goddess. “

    The practice was discussed by the specialist at a recent conference in honour of the thirty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of the disc monolith on the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui, now in the Museo del Templo Mayor (MTM ).

    Both offerings (No. 22 and No.58) were discovered in 1979 and 1980, on a floor level corresponding to the construction of Templo Mayor between 1469-1481 CE and in interpreting these elements together, he commented that “nothing is arranged in an offering by chance, everything has a reason.”

    Read more here

    Mass Human Sacrifice? Pile of Ancient Skulls Found

    archaeologicalnews:

    Archaeologists have unearthed a trove of skulls in Mexico that may have once belonged to human sacrifice victims. The skulls, which date between A.D. 600 and 850, may also shatter existing notions about the ancient culture of the area.

    The find, described in the January issue of the journal Latin…

    
Indiana Jones missed the REAL Mayan skull - used in a game of ‘squash’ where the  losers would become human sacrifices
The ‘crystal skulls’ relics of ancient  American civilisations have all been exposed as fakes - but a Mayan carved skull  appears to be the real thing.
Not only that, experts believe the relic -  buried along with its owner between 250AD and 600AD - may have been a replica of  a ‘hand guard’ worn when the Mayans played a game not dissimilar to  squash.
There was one crucial difference, though - the  losers would sometimes become human sacrifices.

Click the photo to read the article in full!

    Indiana Jones missed the REAL Mayan skull - used in a game of ‘squash’ where the losers would become human sacrifices

    The ‘crystal skulls’ relics of ancient American civilisations have all been exposed as fakes - but a Mayan carved skull appears to be the real thing.

    Not only that, experts believe the relic - buried along with its owner between 250AD and 600AD - may have been a replica of a ‘hand guard’ worn when the Mayans played a game not dissimilar to squash.

    There was one crucial difference, though - the losers would sometimes become human sacrifices.

    Click the photo to read the article in full!

    Peru finds 14th century mass grave of children

    archaeologicalnews:

    LIMA — A Peruvian archeologist on Sunday announced the discovery of the remains of 44 infants and young children sacrificed to appease ancient deities in the 14th century at a site in the high Andes near the border with Bolivia.

    The remains were found near a stone funeral tower — known locally as…

    Archeological Discovery Indicates Human Sacrifice

    archaeologicalnews:

    Archeological research of pagan graves in the valley Þegjandadalur in Suður-Þingeyjasýsla county in northeast Iceland support the theory that ritual human sacrifice was practiced during paganism in Iceland.

    An L-shaped turf wall was discovered in Þegjandadalur, which is believed to have…

     

Where child sacrifice is a business
The villages and farming communities that surround Uganda’s capital, Kampala, are gripped by fear.
Schoolchildren are closely watched by teachers and parents as they make their way home from school. In playgrounds and on the roadside are posters warning of the danger of abduction by witch doctors for the purpose of child sacrifice.
The ritual, which some believe brings wealth and good health, was almost unheard of in the country until about three years ago, but it has re-emerged, seemingly alongside a boom in the country’s economy.
The mutilated bodies of children have been discovered at roadsides, the victims of an apparently growing belief in the power of human sacrifice.

Shocking story via the BBC News Website

    Where child sacrifice is a business

    The villages and farming communities that surround Uganda’s capital, Kampala, are gripped by fear.

    Schoolchildren are closely watched by teachers and parents as they make their way home from school. In playgrounds and on the roadside are posters warning of the danger of abduction by witch doctors for the purpose of child sacrifice.

    The ritual, which some believe brings wealth and good health, was almost unheard of in the country until about three years ago, but it has re-emerged, seemingly alongside a boom in the country’s economy.

    The mutilated bodies of children have been discovered at roadsides, the victims of an apparently growing belief in the power of human sacrifice.

    Shocking story via the BBC News Website

    
Mass Grave of Children and Llamas Found in Dune
Seen earlier this month, archaeologist Oscar Gabriel Prieto kneels by the 800-year-old skeleton of a child recently unearthed near a fishing village in Peru. The skeleton was among the bones of 42 children discovered in a shallow grave on a sand dune near the town of Huanchaquito.
Alongside the children were 76 skeletons of camelids—most likely llamas but possibly alpacas—perhaps intended to transport the victims to the afterlife, researchers say.
Prieto’s team suspects the children were killed as part of a religious ceremony by the Chimú culture. Famed for irrigation advances, the Chimú occupied the northern and central coasts of Peru from about A.D. 1100 to 1500, when the culture was conquered by its neighbors, the Inca.
The newfound mass grave is just over half a mile (a kilometer) from the ancient Chimú capital of Chan Chan.
“That’s what makes this so interesting. Up to this point, all the Chimú ritual sacrifices and ceremonies in this area were made within Chan Chan,” said Prieto, an archeology graduate student at Yale University.
“Now it’s clear that they were using the landscape” in their rituals as well. The team thinks the children and animals may have been sacrificed as part of a fertility ritual associated with the ocean.
“In the north coast of Peru, the ocean is very closely tied to agriculture,” Prieto said, “because the temperature of the water can determine whether there will be rain or not.”
(Also see “Ancient Tomb Found in Mexico Reveals Mass Child Sacrifice.”)

Click through to see more incredible images…

    Mass Grave of Children and Llamas Found in Dune

    Seen earlier this month, archaeologist Oscar Gabriel Prieto kneels by the 800-year-old skeleton of a child recently unearthed near a fishing village in Peru. The skeleton was among the bones of 42 children discovered in a shallow grave on a sand dune near the town of Huanchaquito.

    Alongside the children were 76 skeletons of camelids—most likely llamas but possibly alpacas—perhaps intended to transport the victims to the afterlife, researchers say.

    Prieto’s team suspects the children were killed as part of a religious ceremony by the Chimú culture. Famed for irrigation advances, the Chimú occupied the northern and central coasts of Peru from about A.D. 1100 to 1500, when the culture was conquered by its neighbors, the Inca.

    The newfound mass grave is just over half a mile (a kilometer) from the ancient Chimú capital of Chan Chan.

    “That’s what makes this so interesting. Up to this point, all the Chimú ritual sacrifices and ceremonies in this area were made within Chan Chan,” said Prieto, an archeology graduate student at Yale University.

    “Now it’s clear that they were using the landscape” in their rituals as well. The team thinks the children and animals may have been sacrificed as part of a fertility ritual associated with the ocean.

    “In the north coast of Peru, the ocean is very closely tied to agriculture,” Prieto said, “because the temperature of the water can determine whether there will be rain or not.”

    (Also see “Ancient Tomb Found in Mexico Reveals Mass Child Sacrifice.”)

    Click through to see more incredible images…

    Remains of Ancient Human Sacrifices Unearthed in Peru (PHOTOS)

    archaeologicalnews:

    Archaeologists have unearthed remains of 42 children and 74 llamas and related animals that were sacrificed some 800 years ago in the fishing town of Huanchaquito, Peru.

    The remains were from a massive sacrifice that formed part of a religious ceremony of the pre-Inca Chimu culture for the fertility of the ocean and the land, Reuters reported.

    Oscar Gabriel Prieto, chief archaeologist on the dig, said the findings represent the largest discovery of sacrifices from the Chimu culture.

    Read more.

    Evidence of Pre-Inca Culture of Human Sacrifice Found in Peru

    archaeologicalnews:

    LIMA: The pre Inca culture “Chimu” developed in the northern Peruvian coast practiced human sacrifices evident in the 800-year old remains of 33 children and teenagers found in the area.

    The human remains were found along with those of 63 llamas (Andean camels) also ritually sacrificed in the…

    Human Sacrifice Found in Maya City Sinkhole

    archaeologicalnews:

    The bones of six humans—including two children—jade beads, shells, and stone tools are among the Maya “treasures” recently found in a water-filled cave off a sinkhole at the famous archaeological site of Chichén Itzá in Mexico, archaeologists say.

    The ancient objects are most likely related to a ritual human sacrifice during a time when water levels were lower, sometime between A.D. 850 and 1250, the researchers say. Read more.